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Decline in stem cell production with age
As we age, however, the bone marrow releases fewer stem cells, giving us
less power to repair the damage of ageing. Treatment with adult stem cells
reverses this process.
In healthy individuals, skin youthfulness is maintained by epidermal stem
cells which self-renew and generate daughter cells that become new skin.
Despite accumulation of aging blemishes and changes in aged skin, epidermal
stem cells are maintained at normal levels throughout life. Therefore, skin
ageing is caused by impaired stem cell mobilisation from the bone marrow
or reduced number of stem cells able to respond to repair signals.6
This means that, if we increase the number of circulating stem cells, by
mobilising from the bone marrow, and by infusion of new umbilical cord cells
we should dramatically change this cell behaviour.
It has been postulated that stem cell exhaustion from the bone marrow is
partly responsible for the process of cardiovascular ageing and the resulting
diseases such as angina, heart attack, stroke and senile dementia. It has
now been proven that stem cell damage in the bone marrow, from aging, is
responsible for coronary artery disease and resultant cardiac muscle damage.1,
2, 4 This means that cardiac disease can be prevented by stem cell
therapy.
As aging progresses, there is a decline in the brain's capacity to produce
new neurons. The underlying cause of the declining neurogenesis is unknown,
but is presumably related to age-related changes that occur during normal
aging of the brain. It is exacerbated by age-related neurodegenerative diseases
such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.5
References:
1. Spyridopoulos I et al. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis & Vascular Biology.
28(5):968-974, May 2008. 2. José J. Fuster, Vicente Andrés.Circulation Research.
2006;99:1167.2006 American Heart Association, Inc.Reviews.Telomere Biology
and Cardiovascular Disease. 3. Ignacio Flores, Roberta Benetti and Maria
A Blasco. Telomerase regulation and stem cell behaviour. Current Opinion
in Cell Biology 2006, 18:254–260. 4. Frederick M. Rauscher et al.Aging,
Progenitor Cell Exhaustion, and Atherosclerosis. Circulation, The American
Heart Association. 5. TL Limke, MS Rao, Neural stem cell therapy in the
aging brain: pitfalls and possibilities. J Hematother Stem Cell Res (2003)
12: 615-23. 6. Zouboulis CC, Adjaye J, Akamatsu H, Moe-Behrens G, Niemann
C.Human skin stem cells and the ageing process. Exp Gerontol. 2008 Sep 9.
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